Investigation of resistance status of triticale cultivars and breeding lines against important root pathogens

Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana, the most common root rot pathogens in cereals worldwide, cause significant economic losses. Breeding research to develop environmentally friendly and disease-resistant varieties is of strategic importance to avoid excessive use of chemicals to control diseases that reduce yields in cereal fields. Triticale is increasingly used in human and animal nutrition and is also an important crop for bringing areas with low rainfall and marginal soil structure into agriculture. In this study, Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates obtained from field studies were used to determine the susceptibility of 29 advanced lines and 10 cultivars from the national triticale breeding program of Bahri Dağdaş IARI. As a result of the pathogenicity test carried out with Bipolaris sorokiniana isolate, 5 lines were found susceptible, 14 lines and varieties Kinerit, Alperbey, and Karma 2000 were moderately susceptible, 8 lines and varieties Tatlıcak 97, Mehmetbey, Mikham 2002, Okkan54, Özer, Ayşehanım, and Melez 2001 were moderately resistant, and 2 lines were resistant. On the basis of the pathogenicity test conducted with Fusarium culmorum isolate, 7 lines were susceptible, 8 lines and varieties Karma 2000, Kinerit, and Özer were moderately susceptible, 14 lines and varieties Tatlıcak 97, Mehmetbey, Mikham 2002, Okkan 54, Ayşehanım, Melez 2001, and Alperbey were moderately resistant. The data obtained from this study will provide important indicators for those studying the mechanisms of disease occurrence and resistance and for determining which varieties can be used as resistant varieties in areas where pathogens are a problem. In addition, it is expected that it will make an important contribution to studies on the breeding of resistant varieties.