Ottoman roots of turkish modernization: Abdulhamid II Era education topics

Research subject was tried to be searched in two parts. In the first part of it, under the titles of ?The History of Modernization? and ?The Concept of Modernization?, how and where the modernization appeared and the concept of modernization were tried to be presented clearly. Also, Turkish modernization and historical progress, and what the contributions of Ottoman Empire to this modernization process were searched, in the starting and continuing processes of modernization periods, how trends and thoughts which were against or supported modernization or those which approached to it in a constractive criticism manner appeared were examined, as examples of modernization outside the western, like Ottoman modernization, Japanese and Russian modernization were mentioned superficially.In the second part of the research subject, under the title of ?The Efforts of Modernizing Education in Ottoman Empire ?, in which stages the modernization of education in Ottoman Empire made process, how the situation before the mentioned period was, during this period, how the educational studies organized, how the education constituted, renewed instruction methods and techniques, for girls?s school, programmes of mistress training, the first step related to the education of disabled children, works related to professional technical education, in the forming of higher education, the establishment of Darülfünun and in addition to this, development and establishment of the Civil Service School, Law School and the School of Gülhane Military Art of Medicine and Application, schools such as Tribe School and Elsine School which can be counted among the important original projects, the important people of that period who contributed to the idea and investment of education, what Abdülhamit II thought about education and how current historians of education evaluate Abdülhamit II on his reforms were examined.Furthermore, this period was tried to be seen from a special view of point because of its being the period in which Atatürk lived and it was tried to be explored with the help of sources about this topic.Key Words: Modernization, Turkish Modernization, Abdülhamit II, Educational Reform.