Implicature in Turkish

It is a requirement for any study that will evaluate human communication with the inferential model to explain the implicature process. When we look at the implicature studies about Turkish, very different perspectives have been encountered. These views are considered to be theoretically ambiguous and incomplete. For this reason, in this thesis, it is aimed to reveal an implicature concept with clear boundaries regarding its definition and classification by removing the ambiguities and deficiencies related to the implicature term and implicit structures. The term implicature has been open to debate since the day it was coined because it is one of the basic concepts of pragmatics. For this reason, different perspectives accepted in the West, studies on Turkish and rhetoric studies have been examined comparatively. Then, the examples obtained from contemporary texts, theater plays and daily speeches belonging to Turkish were evaluated on the basis of the data obtained in these studies. As a result of the evaluations made and the examples examined, the implicatures; defined as calculable outputs that go beyond the meaning of the sentence expressed by the speaker in the surface structure, are expected to be reached/inferred/interpreted by the audience, and include an intention layer and semantic purpose. One of the findings that should be emphasized in the definition process of implicature is that the speaker also makes use of implicitures during communication, in addition to pragmatic implicatures. For this reason, it has been understood that every pragmatic output that goes beyond the meaning of the sentence should not be considered as an implicature. Thus, it has been concluded that it is a necessity to characterize implicatures as a pragmatic concept separate from implicitures. As a result of this distinction, it is concluded that the examples that are considered as conventional implicature and generalized conversational implicature in Grice are not implicatures. In the classification process of implicative structures, attention was drawn primarily to the existence of two types of implicature. These two types are named as narrative and pragmatic and are not included in the classification because it is thought that narrative implicatures need a different theoretical perspective. While classifying the pragmatic implicatures; It has been decided that it is appropriate to classify them under four main headings, according to the condition of the relevance, the inference process, the effect on the addressee and the factor that provides the relevance. As a result of this classification the pragmatic implicatures are identified as strong and weak implicatures according to the condition of the relevance; antecedent and consequential implicatures according to the inference process; information and evocation implicatures according to their effect on the addressee; response, justification, presuppositional, relation, emergency, reality, third person, incompatibility, so-called information and implicitural implicatures according to the factor that provides the relevance. Keywords: Implicature, Pragmatics, Communication, Impliciture