Comparison of Nosema Spp. infection levels in Turkey and Algeria in terms of environmental and bee management parameters

Recently, there has been a serious decrease in the global bee population for many reasons. One of the most important of these reasons is nosemosis infection, which is an adult honey bees disease that representing a wide spread all over the world. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of Nosema spp. in two countries, Algeria and Turkey, and to analyze the different factors that can cause this infection. İn this study, a survey was conducted towards beekeepers of both countries. The survey results led to general information about colony losses' causes in the period 2020/2021, the used beekeeping management, knowledge about Nosema, and supposing the different factors that may affect the presence of nosemosis infection. Moreover, Nosema diagnosis using two methods, namely, microscopic (haemocytometric method) for N. spp. spores counting, and molecular (PCR analysis) for N. spp. Species identification was performed. The results of the microscopic analyses showed a range between (0,25 ± 0,1 - 8,68 ± 2,6) ×106 in Turkey, thus, in Algeria was between (0 - 5,35 ± 1,2) ×106 spores per bee. The PCR results revealed the dominance of N. ceranae and the absence of N. apis species in the experienced samples of both countries. The obtained results in this study led to measure the impact of the geographical differences from climatic conditions, honey bee breeds to the beekeeping structure on the global prevalence of Nosema spp. disease with its two species in cause.