Türkiye'de LNG terminali yeri seçimi için bir çalışma

Renewable energy issues are very popular recently. Actually, sustainability and environmental care gained importance in a few decades. Due to over population, global warming and environmental awareness, search for alternative energy sources gained importance. However, the primary energy sources like coal, oil and natural gas still saving their importance for humankind. Between these sources, natural gas is the cleanest one by its nature; it emits almost half carbon dioxide compared to coal. Price advantage also occurred after the revolutionary discovery of shale gas and shale oil, which carried natural gas into a "golden age". With all these advantages, consumption of natural gas rising between the World and also Turkey. It is expected to rise by the century. Natural gas is considered to be "bridging fuel" to a full renewable energy future. As being liquid form of this energy source material, liquified natural gas or shortly the LNG, is transported globally for long years. Actually, the importance of LNG comes from the need for energy globally, and this liquid, densified energy source is even cleaner then natural gas. In process of liquifaction, gas is distilled from foreing particles. There is also some difference in transportation forms of gas and the liquid form of this energy source. Ship transportation in sea and the truck loading in small scale, forms the LNG transportation. However, natural gas is transported mainly via pipelines. Maritime LNG transportation actually has superiorities against pipelines. Natural gas source flexibility and price advantage in long distance pipeline projects are some of them. This research points out the properites of LNG, LNG transportation and advantages of using this fuel. Brief information about LNG infrastructure is also given in this research. LNG carrier ships, liquefaction-regasification processes, equipments and some other important equipment briefly identified. Especially LNG terminals are identified due to their importance in LNG supply chain. LNG terminals are identified as the key units in this chain, and safety regulations are very important in these areas. They also have several limitations, which are identified in this research. Turkey's LNG terminals were identified and considering the increase in Turkey's natural gas demand, it is aimed to search if there is a need for an additional terminal in Turkey. For this reason, energy source diversification and energy security issues are briefly discussed in this research. LNG terminals role in energy security is tried to identify. Location selection problems for logistic investments take a vast place in literature. LNG terminal place selection problem is very important, long-term decision, affecting a country. Also this problem represents a good example for multi-criteria decision making problem, where many study areas are interested. Logistic literature is investigated for location selection problems, and the Generic Fuzzy Analtyic Hierarchy Process method is preferred for answer. Instead of a certain, small scale location option, in this study whole Turkey costs are taken as candidates and investigated for the best option. Marmara, Aegean and Mediteriannien regions weightened between each other according to GFAHP method. Seven factors that effect the location selection are tried to obtain from logistic literature, also from expert opinions. Their importances are weightened according to each other, by asking experts. Mediteriannien region found superior to other regions according to this research, except safety factor. Safety is considered together with security factor, in this study, which is negatively effected today in south of Turkey, this result make finding meaningful. However, some experts consider Marmara is the correct location for next terminal, due to economical reasons, in which, region is like the core of the Turkey. To support economical activity in region, Marmara should be selected as an alternative LNG place according to them. This research is only though as a framework to an inclusive feasibility plan, which should be done before certain terminal selection. There were no known studies done for an LNG terminal location in Turkey, so this study may be guide for further studies in this field.