Citizenship in textbooks of Turkey: Conceptual transformation from founding years to present

This study aims to analyze how to deal and evolve the ?citizenship? concept in textbooks within the framework of expression in them, from the established of the republic to present under the dynamics in the political field of Turkey. To that end, how to explain of rights and tasks of citizens, features and routes of these were inspected and difference between governors and citizens and how to represent of them were exerted categorically. Fixing of citizenship concept by statement items and it was built with including and excluding factors were analyzed in textbooks. The textbooks were divided into three periods which was the first of it as between 1930 and 1950 that is after accepting of the Latin alphabet and settled of the single party regimen, the second one was between 1950 and 1980 and the last one was between 1980 and 2007. Twenty four textbooks were discourse analyzed totally for all periods.The study has three compartments. Formation and development of the citizenship concept in Turkey and in the world, evolving process from vassal to citizenship of the developments Ottoman Empire in 19th century that were basis for the founding of modern Turkey, developments of citizenship in Turkey and ?Hypothesis of Turkish History? and ?Turko-islamic synthesis? were betrayed in the first part within historical perspective. In the second part, textbooks of the period between 1930 and 2007 were analyzed within established framework of categories. Results of the research were evaluated in the conclusion part.Citizenship in Turkey was formed within the environment of the opinions of Ottomanism, Turkism, Islamism in the 19th century of Ottoman Empire and westernism which was added afterwards. It is seen that the two ideological designs took place in the textbooks of citizenship. The first of them is Turkish History hypothesis, the second one is Turko-islamic synthesis that was perceived in 1950s and seen obviously in the books after 1980s. Both of the ideologies designed the citizen as the subject that was dependent of the state. They interpreted the existence of a citizen as the sense of belonging. The concept of citizenship after 1980s was defined in the ideological framework of Turko-islamic synthesis. That the fact of the religions define the arguments related with citizenship with the name of ?human rights? added to the name of the lesson make feel that a pullback after 2000s. But it was removed from curriculum since 2007.