Occupational safety practices and risk analysis in superstructure construction sites

Occupational safety in the superstructure construction sector is of critical importance both for protecting workers' right to life and ensuring the continuity of projects. Statistics in Turkey indicate that a significant portion of occupational accidents occur on superstructure construction sites, highlighting the need to improve the effectiveness of occupational safety management. Falls from heights, material impacts, and electrical accidents are among the most common fatal risks in the sector. This study aims to assess the current status of occupational safety practices implemented on superstructure construction sites and identify areas for improvement using risk analysis methods. The study aims not only to measure the level of legal compliance but also to contribute to the development of an OSH culture by demonstrating the effectiveness of field practices. Within the scope of the methodology, risk matrices established for superstructure projects within the framework of Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331 were examined, and assessments were made specifically for high-risk activities such as excavation, formwork, scaffolding, crane work, and electrical work. Hazard probability and severity levels were classified using a 5x5 risk matrix, and comparisons were made based on field data and literature. Additionally, factors such as the role of occupational safety specialists and field supervisors, control measures, and training effectiveness were examined through qualitative analysis. Findings revealed that the highest risk groups were falls from heights, electric shocks, and machinery accidents, with a lack of training and inadequate supervision playing a decisive role in these areas. Consequently, the need to strengthen the integration of OHS management systems into the field, increase employee participation, and develop continuous training policies was emphasized.