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Tümünü GörInvestigation of amazon and google for fault tolerance strategies in cloud computing services
Cloud computing has recently become an attractive topic due to its ability to offer information technology solutions through virtual machines as on-demand services to share and consume resources over the Internet. As a result of rapid development in such services, the necessity of fault tolerance in the cloud is a major concern with reliability, availability and dependability is more critical to this new service type. This thesis investigates techniques and means of tolerating cloud services as well as cloud customers' systems/enterprises execution over the cloud safe from failures. As one of this findings shows, failures in cloud enabled services should be expected to occur hence they should be handled. The essential features of implementing fault tolerance strategies guarantee the business continuity, avoid financial lost, recovering systems from failures, and provide disaster recovery as well. The specific focus is to explore scenarios of avoiding/recovering from failures through redundancy, checkpoint and replication. Commercial IaaS providers such as Amazon's AWS and v Google's GCE are taken as examples as they tolerate their infrastructure from failures; in this way a robust architecture with fault tolerance property could be proposed for a system/enterprise. Hence, a general conceptual model with fault tolerance considerations has been proposed. With this basis, addressing potential failures in detail, implementing fault tolerance techniques, organizing teamwork to setup business policies are left for future work. Such limitations can be addressed through online questionnaires to collect information for case studies.
Investigation in MYSQLdatabase and NEO4J database
Currently, there are two major of database management systems which are used to deal with data, the first one called Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) which is the traditional relational databases, it deals with structured data and have been popular since decades from 1970, while the second one called Not only Structure Query Language databases (NoSQL), they have been dealing with semi-structured and unstructured data; the NoSQL term was introduced for the first time in 1998 by Carlo Strozzi and Eric Evans reintroduced the term NoSQL in early 2009, and now the NoSQL types are gaining their popularity with the development of the internet and the social media. NoSQL are intending to override the cons of RDBMS, such as fixed schemas, JOIN operations and handling the scalability problems. With the appearance of Big Data, there was clearly a need for more flexible databases. In this study, a theoretical study of investigating in two types of databases MySQL one of the traditional relational databases, and Neo4j one of the graph databases. First of all, choosing these two types of the databases according to their features, both of them depending on the replication and sharding in their systems. Secondly, a brief background with literature review will introduce the opinions for some researchers with some concepts. Thirdly, mentioning relational database and NoSQL in generally and MySQL and Neo4j in specifically, then try to make a comparison between the features for both of them. Moreover, all the websites, the researches, and the journals are the resources for this study. In addition, this study is like mentioned before is a theoretical study so there was no implementation work. However, the comparison presented the result in this study. All in all, we try to provide an understanding for MySQL and Neo4j, that leads us to find both of MySQL and Neo4j have their features, pros and cons that differ from each other. Keywords: RDBMS, NoSQL, MySQL, Neo4j, Replication, Sharding.
Döviz kuru ve enflasyon ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisinde döviz kuru değişimlerinin yurt içi enflasyon üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Analizler, 2013-2021 döneminin aylık verilerini kapsamaktadır. İncelemelerde, 2013-2021 yılları arasında en çok ithalat yapılan 10 ülke verileri baz alınarak çalışılmıştır. Bu 10 ülke için döviz türlerine göre ithalat oranlarının ağırlıkları hesaplanmış ve bunun sonucunda ağırlıklandırılmış döviz kuru olarak Dolar ve Euro baz alınmıştır. Enflasyonu ölçmek için genel Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi (TÜFE) ve TÜFE'nin alt grupları kullanılmıştır. Gagnon ve Ihrig (2004) çalışmasından yola çıkılarak regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Regresyon için kullanılan modelde hem tüketici fiyat endeksi hem de kur dalgalanmalarının yerel piyasaya etkisini gözlemlemek amaçlanmıştır. Analizlerde R programlama dili kullanılmıştır. Literatür araştırmaları sonucu görüldüğü üzere, döviz kuru geçişkenliği özellikle yüksek ve belirsiz enflasyon dönemlerinde önem kazanmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarında da, döviz kuru geçişkenliğinin ele alınan dönemde genel tüketici fiyatlarına etki ettiği görülmüştür. Kısa dönem ve uzun dönem geçişkenliğin sonuçlarından da bahsedilmektedir.
Ekonomik haberlerin sürü davranışı üzerindeki etkileri
Sürü davranışı, Etkin Piyasa Hipotezinin (EPH) ileri sürdüğü argümanlara ters düştüğü için finans literatüründe geçmişte yoğun bir şekilde araştırılmıştır ve günümüzde de bu araştırmalar devam etmektedir. Sürü davranışı, yatırımcıların kendi bilgileri yerine bir kişi/kurum/grup yatırımcı kararlarına daha fazla güvenip onların yatırım kararlarını takip etmesini veya piyasanın artış ve azalışlarına göre karar vermelerini ifade etmektedir. Aynı zamanda, yatırımcıların davranışlarının belli dönemlerde benzerlik göstermesi (yüksek korelasyonun olması) sürü davranışı gibi kendini gösterse de bu gerçekten sürü davranışı olarak değerlendirilmemelidir. Dolayısıyla, gerçek sürü davranışının var olması EPH'den uzaklaşıldığını ve yatırımcıların rasyonel davranmaktan uzaklaştığını ifade edebilir. Eğer piyasa da takip edilen ve sürü davranışına yol açan aktörler daha fazla bilgiye sahip ise sürü davranışının rasyonel olduğu söylenebilir. Sürü davranışının sermaye piyasasında baskın olması piyasa etkinliğine engel olabilir ve piyasa fiyatlarının karar vermede kullanılacak temel bir istatistik olarak kullanılmasının yetersizliğine yol açabilir. Bu çalışma sürü davranışını incelemek için piyasa hareketlerini (herding towards the market) kullanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç için yoğun olarak kullanılan üç yöntem vardır. Bu yöntemlerden ilk ikisi yatay kesit standart sapma (CSSD-cross sectional standard deviation) ve yatay kesit mutlak sapma (CSAD-cross sectional absolute deviation) yöntemleri olarak sıralanabilir. Bu iki yöntemde sapmalar piyasa getirisinden uzaklaşma olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Üçüncü yöntem de CSSD hesaplaması getiri yerine sistematik risk kullanılarak yapılmakta ve sürü davranışı değişkeni bir gizli değişken olarak tahmin edilmektedir.
Experimental analysis of effects of different network parameters on TCP / IP networks
Today, the Internet is actively used in almost every aspect of life and stands out as an indispensable component of the digital age. With Internet technologies, instant access to information is possible, and global communication processes are significantly simplified. Computer networks are structured by using different topologies depending on their purpose and scale. In this thesis, the use of the preferred Mesh topology in complex and large-scale network structures has been deemed appropriate. Using mesh topology has been a logical choice due to its high connection level and reliability. However, in these mesh topologies it is important that the network performance must be in good condition to provide network security and high efficiency. Therefore, having better system performance is one of the fundamental rules to maintain proficient network management. In the thesis GNS3 simulation environment is used, which is frequently used by network engineers. Thanks to this simulation environment we can investigate various network parameters' performance on TCP/IP based networks, and we are able to compare performances of each parameter with using different routing protocols. In network management, the most common routing protocols are used such as RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). These protocols are analyzed by comparing each one's throughput, packet data volume and their packet loss performances. Statistical data which is acquired by graphs is designed in MATLAB environment. In the conclusion of this thesis, it can be seen that routing algorithms perform differently with respect to consecutive packet data amount. Thus, we can conclude to a study that which routing protocol performs better in which environment and this enables us to make clear judgements for them as well. The main purpose of this study is to monitor different routing protocols in simulation environments and understand differences of their performances. This study may be clarifying the way and can work as a guidebook for those who would like to create real network design.
Reconstruction of patriarchy through matriarchy: A critique of gendered power structures in Naomi Alderman's The Power
This thesis explores the power dynamics in Naomi Alderman's novel, The Power, built between genders following a power reversal from patriarchy to matriarchy due to women's sudden acquisition of electrical power. The shift in society favouring women is dealt with by focusing on women's representation in religion, the media, and politics. Michel Foucault's theories on power provide the infrastructure for discussing the nature of power throughout this thesis. Louis Althusser's framework of Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) and Repressive State Apparatuses (RSAs) helps to describe how certain institutions in The Power perpetuate ideologies and shape matriarchal culture and politics. Kate Millett's ideas on gender and Judith Butler's views on the performativity of gender support the aim of this thesis to highlight the double standards and fragility of gender norms dictated by society. By examining the religious shift, this thesis explores how religion serves as both a tool of empowerment and a means of legitimizing new power structures by granting a superior position to the previously oppressed group. Similarly, the media's role is scrutinized for its pivotal function in shaping public perception and reinforcing the emerging matriarchy. Also, political changes, powerful women's ambitions and the strategic use of females' physical power further demonstrate the complexities of governance in a dystopia reversed in gender dominance. Although Alderman creates a feminist dystopia where women overpower men, she does not suggest that this world is better than the patriarchal one. The author mirrors the current situation of women being oppressed by patriarchy by shifting the receivers of violence and oppression from women to men in her novel. By showing that merely changing the holders of power only perpetuates the cycle of oppression, Alderman reveals the inherent problems with the notion of power.