The effects of various nanoparticules on salt stress in yonca (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes in vitro conditions

Salt stress is one of the factors that restrict plant growth. Medicago sativa L. is one of the legumes with the highest nutritional quality and has a long and long history. In this study, in the formation of alfalfa calluses (Muş and Erzurum) and embryogenic calluses, using nanoparticle application (0.8 ppm CaO, 0.8 ppm ZnO and 0.8 ppm CuO) before callus formation and using nanoparticles after callus formation for two weeks (50 mM), its effects have been investigated. When looking at the analysis results, it was concluded that the most damage to the cell under salt stress is the nanoparticles that do not come from the seed, and the Scanning Electron Microscope and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope images taken support this result. The results of Malondialdehyde, H2O2 and Peroxidase of the calluses showed that the nanoparticles that caused the least damage and the most damage to the cell were different. When the protein amounts of the genotypes were compared, the results showed that the concentration of 0.8 ppm CuO 50 mM NaCl applied with nanoparticle before callus formation, and the least amount of protein in the cell was 0.8 ppm CuO applied to the nanoparticle after callus formation. In addition, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the cells was seen in Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope images.