Investigation of notifications made during high-speed train operation in terms of safety

Errors, malfunctions, near-miss incidents, accident investigations, and accident reports that serve as precursors to accidents in railways, as well as the data on major accidents causing significant material damage and fatalities, are essential for providing input to the safety management system to prevent such events in the future and for ensuring that employees act with a consciousness of safety culture. Accident causality models and methods have been developed over the years to ensure the continuity of safety and prevent accidents. By maintaining accident data, approaches such as the accident pyramid, domino theory, Swiss cheese model, and bow tie model have been established to prevent accidents. In the study, a data analysis of reports made during high-speed train operations between 2009 and 2020 was conducted, and the reports were classified based on systems. Frequency analyses were performed on the annual distribution of the reports by system according to million.train kilometer. Subsequently, the reports were classified according to accident investigation and reporting guidelines, including the damage status, as accidents and accident precursors. Frequency analyses of the damage information of accidents and accident precursors were performed with their annual distributions. Finally, using the data, an adaptation and comparing were made according to Heinrich's accident pyramid.