Kuran'da beyani yöntem meani ilminde belagi bir çalışma, Furkan Suresi örneği

THE RHETORICAL ABBROACH IN THE QURANIC TEXT A RHETORICAL STUDY IN THE SCIENCE OF MEANINGS, WITH SURAH AL-FURQAN AS A MODEL ABSTRACT The science of Maʿani and its rhetorical secrets in Surat al-Furqan constitutes the central problem of this study. The aim is to examine this topic in relation to Qur'anic eloquence, to outline the historical stages of the rhetorical (bayani) method, and to clarify the steps, principles, and rules of the rhetorical approach adopted in the Qur'anic text by scholars of tafsir and rhetoric. This study is divided into six chapters: The first chapter serves as an introduction, presenting the basic concepts of the rhetorical method, defining the science of Maʿani and its branches, introducing Surat al-Furqan, its virtues, and thematic objectives, in addition to outlining the historical stages, steps, and principles of the rhetorical method. The second chapter focuses on declarative (khabari) sentences in the surah, examining their purposes, types, and rhetorical functions. The third chapter addresses imperative (inshaʾi) sentences, both requestive and non-requestive, along with their types and rhetorical aims. The fourth chapter deals with the styles of brevity (ijaz), amplification (iṭnab), and equality (musawat). The fifth chapter is devoted to the states of sentence elements such as explicit mention (dhikr), definiteness, and indefiniteness. The sixth chapter studies rhetorical styles related to the organization of structures and formulation of meanings in Surat al-Furqan, including separation and connection (fasl wa-wasl), restriction (qasr), fronting and delaying (taqdim wa-taʾkhir), and grammatical shift (iltifat) The study reveals the significance of the rhetorical method in understanding the Qur'anic text, as an interpretive approach grounded in the denotations of words and contexts, requiring proficiency in rhetorical and linguistic sciences. It also demonstrates the status of Prophetic rhetoric in Qur'anic exegesis, wherein the Prophet ﷺ combined profound comprehension with practical application. Through examining the statements of the Companions and the Followers, the study highlights their innate and rhetorical engagement with the Qur'anic text, which laid the foundational principles of rhetorical tafsir. The research further shows that the inshaʾi style- both requestive and non-requestive- within Surat al-Furqan fulfills deep rhetorical and pedagogical functions that guide the audience, while the khabari sentence goes beyond mere information to encompass purposes such as promise, threat, rebuke, and praise. The study also emphasizes manifestations of brevity, especially restrictive brevity and ellipsis, as among the highest styles indicating the Qur'an's rhetorical miracle, in addition to amplification expressed through various means to highlight and reinforce meanings- reflecting the matchless beauty of structure and eloquence in the surah. Keywords: Al-Tafsir, Al-Balagha, The Bayani Method, Al-Ma'ani Science, Surah Al-Furqan