Fetvanın siyasi karar üzerindeki etkisi kontroller ve problemler üzerine temel ve uygulamalı bir çalışma

The fatwa is considered one of the most prominent religious functions of scholars and jurists in Islam. It is a divine mission and a prophetic duty. Scholars are the heirs of the prophets—they inherited knowledge from them and took on the responsibility of conveying and clarifying the rulings. A fatwa, being a declaration of a legal ruling, is akin to signing on behalf of Allah Almighty, as Ibn al-Qayyim expressed. According to al-Shatibi, the mufti occupies the position of the Prophet ﷺ within the Ummah. Fatwas have influenced political decision-making and played a role in major events and structural changes throughout various historical periods. The methodologies of those engaged in issuing fatwas have differed in their approach to this relationship, leading to numerous complexities regarding the role of muftis in political issues and contemporary challenges. This study aims to clarify the concepts of both fatwa and political decision-making, as well as the nature of the relationship between them. It also seeks to establish a jurisprudential framework to regulate and guide fatwas within the political sphere and to identify and analyze the key problematic phenomena in the relationship between fatwas and political decisions. The study concludes by clarifying the impact of fatwas on political decision-making in terms of its nature, forms, limits, and associated challenges. It also identifies the most important jurisprudential controls governing fatwas in the political field and analyzes the major issues in this relationship, along with their causes and consequences. Keywords: Fatwa, Political Fatwa, Political Decision, Fatwa Regulations, Islamic Political Jurisprudence.