Karadâvî ile bûtî arasında makâsit ilmî, mukayeseli bir çalışma

This research, titled "Maqasid al-Shariah Between Al-Qaradawi and Al-Buti: An Analytical Comparative Study", consists of an introduction, a preliminary chapter, three main chapters covering the core subject, and a conclusion. Preliminary Chapter: The first section is dedicated to a detailed biography of the two scholars, covering their upbringing, personal and scholarly lives, the intellectual and academic legacy they left behind, as well as the dates of their passing. The second section provides an overview of the contemporary political landscape, highlighting the influence of both scholars on the political arena through the lens of their "maqaṣid", based reasoning and interpretations.I then began the first chapter by discussing the concept of "maqaṣid" (the higher objectives of Islamic law), along with clarifying the key related terms such as "ḥikmah" (wisdom), "illah" (effective cause), "munasabah" (appropriateness), and "maṣlaḥah" (public interest). I explained their meanings and the ways in which they are connected to the broader concept of "maqaṣid". In the second section, I addressed the importance of maqaṣid, both for Muslims in general and, more specifically, for mujtahids (independent jurists), scholars, and students of knowledge. I then moved on to a detailed classification of maqaṣid based on various considerations, outlining their types in relation to the source of origination, the time of realization, their level of strength, their relevance to the overall structure of Islamic legislation. Additionally, I presented classifications based on the degree of certainty (definitive or speculative) and whether the objectives pertain to the Muslim community as a whole or to individuals. The second chapter focuses on the historical development of maqaṣid in its various phases, starting with the foundational reference phase, moving to the scientific establishment phase, followed by the phase of derivation, application, and creative innovation in maqaṣid, and concluding with the revival phase of maqaṣid. I highlighted the key figures in the field of maqaṣid during each historical period, shedding light on their contributions to this science. The third chapter, which carries the title of the research, delves into the concept of maqaṣid, its importance, and its sources according to the two imams. I followed this with a detailed analysis and comparison of their views. I also presented the general maqaṣid and the methods they used to identify them, followed by a methodological comparison between their approaches. I further explored the issue of limiting the maqaṣid to the five core goals (the five necessities), their ordering according to each imam, and provided a balanced analysis, at times favoring one view over the other, with clear explanations for the preference. I concluded the research by presenting the main findings, with one of the most significant being that both classical and contemporary scholars agree on the concept of maqaṣid and its meaning, which centers on achieving benefits and preventing harms. Additionally, they are unanimous that all considered benefits ultimately serve to preserve the maqaṣid of Islamic law, as defined by the Qur'an, Sunnah, consensus, and contextual evidence. Finally, I provided a series of recommendations for my fellow researchers and students of knowledge, encouraging further research and deepening the foundation of this field. Keywords: Maqaṣid, Maslahat, Qaradawi, Al-Bouti, Ahkam.