Izmir city in the transition process of the 12 September military coup

The 1970s was a period of time when Turkey is in the form of the right and left polarized, and was a period of instability in the political sphere, economic crises, chaos in anarchy and terrorist events. This negative picture, which lasted until 12 September, 1980, has brought Turkey to the brink of civil war and eventually became a rationale for intervention in the Turkish Armed Forces. The events of Kahramanmaraş, which is one of the cornerstones of the process leading up to the September 12 intervention, also deeply affected İzmir; because the declaration of martial law in thirteen provinces after the Maraş incidents caused İzmir to meet anarchy. The narrowing of the marginal organizations in cities such as Istanbul and Ankara, which were included in the scope of martial law, dragged these organizations to new searches. One of the cities most suitable for these searches was the city of Izmir, which was excluded from the scope of martial law. The fact that İzmir is both a big city and not under martial law enabled anarchy groups to organize quickly. As a matter of fact, illegal organizations that reached the comfortable environment they wanted, they removed a calm city identity of İzmir and made it the cradle of terrorism in a short time. The anarchy events in İzmir continued increasingly since the beginning of 1979. These events reached different dimensions at the beginning of 1980. Turkey's largest labor movement also known as TARİŞ events have occurred during this period. As a matter of fact, the events of TARİŞ and the terrorist activities taken in coordination with these events paved the way for the bloodiest days in the history of Izmir. Immediately after the TARİŞ incidents, martial law was launched in Izmir on February 19, 1980. With the inclusion of İzmir into martial law, anarchy events were interrupted, but not completely destroyed. As a result, the unavoidable anarchy environment continued until the military intervention of 12 September 1980. Our study covers the political, social, economic and anarchy events that took place in Izmir from January 1, 1979 to September 12, 1980 and it includes the implementation of the 12 September military intervention in İzmir and the reflections of the 7 November 1982 Constitutional referendum and parliamentary elections of 6 November 1983 in Izmir after the military intervention.