A research on linguistic studies in Germany and Turkey in 19th and 20th centuries

Linguistic is the branch of science that examines many features of language such as its role in ensuring communication between people as well as the structure and meaning of the system of rules, by which we can define language in general terms, both theoretically and also practically in a scientific framework. The 19th and 20th centuries, on the other hand, span a very important era during which significant developments took place in the history of linguistics. To name just a few, the historical and comparative examination method was developed in 19th century which helped comparing many languages and laid the foundations of Indo-European languages. In 20th century, the modern linguistics notion started to emerge in which the works of Saussure were taken as basis. This study aims at identifying the level that linguistics have reached in both countries by examining the linguistic studies that were performed in Germany and Turkey in 19th and 20th centuries and also revealing the universal characteristics of linguistic studies by finding the common points of examination on German and Turkish languages. In this context, the linguistics studies in Germany and Turkey are discussed under the sections titled Lexicology, Semantics, Pragmatics, Grammar and Communication and the studies of one German and one Turkish theorist are reviewed under each section. The common or similar aspects of these two studies are discussed in the light of the abovementioned objective.