Aesthetic modernism in Turkish novel between 1960-1980

Between the years of 1960-1980, more than one understanding of the Turkish novel developed at the same time, in the same period. While some writers put the problems of the village and the villagers at the center of their novels, some writers started to give popular works because of the concern for livelihood. Modernist aesthetics, which is the main subject of our study, has been an understanding adopted by a few authors in terms of quantity. Although the number of authors and copyrighted works produced in this understanding is small in number, the effect and permanence of this period were very high. Especially the authors who used modernist techniques intensively, such as Adalet Ağaoğlu, Ferit Edgü, Oğuz Atay, Sevgi Soysal, and Yusuf Atılgan, had a great influence on both the next generation of writers and readers. The emergence and formation of modernism in Europe take approximately four hundred years. The modernization process, which started with the Renaissance, reform, and Enlightenment periods in the 1500s, reached its peak with the Industrial Revolution, resulting in the establishment of large cities and intense migration from the countryside to the city. Thus, many major capitals in Europe, especially Paris of France, hosted intellectuals living in the pain of modernity. Intellectuals, whose do not make peace with modernity, reveal the movement called aesthetic modernism with the thoughts they develop against this progressive understanding. With the change in the perception of reality since the middle of the 20th century, the writers who searched for new techniques in the novel; have started to use techniques such as collage -montage, parody-pastiche, leitmotif, the stream of consciousness, internal monologue-internal dialogue in their novels. Thus, the authors who deal with the individual and the depression of the individual in the big city have tried to convey what they think and feel more effectively through these techniques. The inclusion of modernism in the Turkish novel takes place as a result of the intense influence of Western ideas on the Turkish intellectual world since the late 1950s. This effect occurs especially with translations made through journals. The generation, who grew up with a lot of interest in magazines and translation novels, got acquainted with new techniques under the influence of these translations and successfully applied these techniques in their novels. Similar to Europe, in a period when migration from rural to urban increases, the problems of urbanization and modernization come to light for Turkish intellectuals. In the 60s and 70s, the writers who experienced the crises of modernity pioneered the establishment of a new understanding of the novel in Turkey, just like in Europe. These authors mark Turkish literature with the techniques they use in their works, which can be considered new for the Turkish novel.