Histopathological evaluation of CD-56 and IFN-gamma expressions in different clinical presentations of adenoid vegetation.

Objective: In this study, histopathological examination of IFN-γ and CD-56 was performed in terms of the relationship between otitis media with effusion and tonsil hypertrophy, which developed additionally in patients who had been operated for adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: In our study, patients who applied to Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University İzzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinics and had an adenoidectomy operation in the last 5 years were included. Patients who applied to our outpatient clinic between May 2016 and May 2021 and underwent adenoidectomy, adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and ventilation tube application, adenotonsillectomy and ventilation tube application were included. A total of 4 (four) groups were created. 100 (one hundred) patients were included, with 25 (twenty-five) patients in each group. The files of the patients from the archive were analyzed and they were divided into groups according to the type of surgery performed. The preparations were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin, CD-56 and IFN-γ by the Department of Medical Pathology. The results of the pathology preparations were evaluated according to their different clinical presentations in patients with adenoid vegetation. Of 100 patients participating in the study; Age, gender, comorbidities, type of surgical treatment, adenoid ratio, tonsil grade, adenoid volume, accompanying otitis media with chronic effusion, histopathological staining rates of Hematoxylin and Eosin, IFN-γ, CD-56 in pathology preparations were compared. Findings: In our study, the rate of IFN-γ staining in the pathology preparations of patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy and ventilation tube application was found to be statistically significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in terms of IFN-γ staining in the pathology preparations of patients with chronic otitis media with effusion, and it was found to be higher (p<0.05). When the CD-56 staining values in the preparations of the patients included in our study were compared, no significant difference was observed in the staining rate of any group compared to the other groups (p>0.05). Results: The fact that the rate of staining with IFN-γ was observed to be higher in the preparations of patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy and ventilation tube application in our study, compared to other groups, suggests that the development of otitis media with effusion and tonsil hypertrophy can be prevented in patients with adenoid hypertrophy by inhibition of IFN-γ. Keywords: Adenoid vegetation, Interferon gamma, CD-56, otitis media with effusion, chronic tonsillitis.