Reference as a method of intertextuality in Adonis' poems

This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the life, works, and themes explored in the poetry of Adonis (Ali Ahmad Said Esber), one of the foremost figures in modern Arabic poetry. It delves into the social and political contexts that influenced Adonis' intellectual development and the formation of his literary identity. The study emphasizes Adonis' innovative approach, which brings a modern perspective to traditional Arabic poetry. The themes frequently encountered in Adonis' poetry include elements of nature, metaphysics, mysticism, and mythology. The poet not only introduces an aesthetic innovation to Arabic poetry but also utilizes poetry as a tool for socio-cultural and political critique. The images, symbols, and metaphors he employs reflect his deep intellectual framework and accumulated knowledge. By showcasing how the concepts of postmodernism and intertextuality are applied in his poetry, Adonis reveals how poetry can be transformed both structurally and thematically. In this context, he establishes a dialogue between ancient and modern texts by incorporating quotations from religious and literary sources. The religious references in his poetry reveal his philosophical and mystical aspects.The study also addresses Adonis' role as a critic and his contributions to Arabic literature. It discusses his engagement with Western literature and how these interactions have influenced his poetry. The study highlights Adonis' contributions to Arab modernism and demonstrates his impact on modern Arabic poetry through the themes he explores in his work.