Determination of miRNA expression levels of acute coronary syndrome cases at Adiyaman province

Acute Coronary Sydrome (ACS), developing on basis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity at all the world and our country. Beside the known traditional risk factors and other newly defined risk factors, genetically based reasons also play important roles in the etiology of CAD and ACS. Lots of enzymes, receptors, transporters, ligands, proteins, markers coded by genes that modified by environmental factors and many complicated pathways related with each other and all those, are found at pathophysiology of atherosclerosis which is responsible for developing of CAD. After micro RNAs, an important member of short non-coding RNAs and recently understood that have effects on gene expression and regulation, found at circulation researchers started to work on new biomarkers especially on acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Our study aimed to determine serum miRNA expression levels of cases who underwent diagnostic or therapeutic coronary angiography because of CAD and ACS at Adiyaman province. For this purpose, totally 135 patientswere recruited and divided into 3 groups: 45 normal coronary arteries (coronary lesion<50%, non-obstructive), 45 obstructive CAD patients (coronary lesion ≥50%, obstructive) and 45 acute myocardial infarction (complete stenosis) patients. After RNA isolation and cDNA convertion from serum samples, miRNA expression levels of hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-196a-5p, hsa-miR-373-3p and hsa-miR-375 detected by the method of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis of qRT-PCR expression results achieved by using the 2−ΔCt formula. Wilcoxon test performed for comparing of miRNA expression levels of groups and One-Way ANOVA test used for statistical anaysis of miRNA expression levels' relation according to demographic features and clinical findings. Expression differences were statistically significant for the four studied candidate miRNAs ( hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-196a-5p, hsa-miR-373-3p and hsa-miR-375 ) between different groups (complete stenotic group, critically obstructive group and non-obstructive group ) (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Additionally, expression studies for hsa-miR-373-3p and hsa-miR-375 showed that patients over 60 ages, male, hypertensive and positive family history have statistically significant different miRNA expressions (p<0.05 and p<0.01). It is known that, those miRNAs that are expressed differently at our groups, target the genes which have important roles at angiogenesis (KLF4, HOXA5, SIRT1, PTPN1) and these targets are experimentally validated. We think that our results suggest those miRNAs, that are expressed differently at our patients, have roles at developing of CAD and ACS and also may become a candidate biomarker and putative therapeutic target for these diseases. It is thought that these study results will contribute to management ofvascular pathologies, CAD and ACS especially by taking attention to mechanisms related with angiogenesis from a different perspective.