Развитие дистанционного обучения в университете имени ибрагима чечена (агры) (на примере кафедры русского языка и литературы)

The relevance of the study is determined by the main problems of the organization of distance learning in higher pedagogical schools. In 2020, more than a billion schoolchildren and students were transferred to distance learning for the first time in history due to the coronavirus infection COVID-19. "The COVID - 19 pandemic has led to the largest disruption in education systems in history, affecting nearly 1.6 billion students in more than 190 countries and all continents. The closure of schools and other educational institutions affected 94 percent of the global student population; This rate is 99 percent in low- and lower-middle-income countries" [1, с. 2 ]. One of the primary tasks in the field of education is the timely analysis of the current situation, the adoption of the most adequate measures, taking into account the specifics of a particular country, and the support of all participants in the educational system: students, their parents, teachers and administration at all levels. Currently, it is important to carefully document the actions taken and their consequences in order to further analyze their applicability in the education system. In addition, it is necessary to take into account international experience and use the best practices [2, с. 1]. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged education systems in Turkey as well. Thanks to the rapid response measures taken by the Turkish Government under the auspices of UNESCO to ensure a smooth learning process, distance learning solutions have been developed. At the same time, along with obvious challenges and problems, the new teaching format provides a wide range of opportunities and prospects for changing and improving educational systems for which a critical situation creates forced conditions [3]. According to the Minister of Education of the Republic of Zia Selcuk, starting from March 23, for the first time in the world practice, distance learning of educational programs is carried out throughout the country in Turkey. "Thanks to the free distance learning system provided by the country's Ministry of National Education, Turkey will become a model for the whole world, providing educational programs taught through television and the Internet, prepared on a national scale for the first time in the world," said Zia Selcuk [4]. In this regard, the issues of distance learning in the academic environment of Turkey are currently being actively studied [5]. The degree of scientific elaboration of the problem. The problem of distance learning in Turkish universities has become, to a certain extent, the subject of research by many scientists. Numerous studies by well-known foreign authors are devoted to the theoretical foundations of distance learning. Researchers in Turkey who have studied the problems of distance learning include: F. Odabaşı, Z. Kaya, M. Bülbül, E. Toprakçı, Ü. Özel. Çallı, A. İşman, E. Can, O. Torkul & M. Ersoy and others. For today, considerable experience has been accumulated in distance learning (A. A. Andreev, G. P. Andreev, M. V. Bulgakov, B. S. Gershunsky, I. V. Grebnev, V. V. Gusev, V. P. Davydov, O. V. Dolzhenko, I. Kalyagin, V. V. Michaelis, P. I. Obraztsov, O. P. Okolelov, I. V. Robert, V. A. Sadovnichy, I. A. Skalsky, N. F. Talyzina, A. N. Tikhonov, Yu. G. Fokin, D. V. Chernilevsky, V. F. Sholokhovich), which allowed us to define and explore the experience of distance learning at the University of Agrı Ibrahim Chechen (on the example of the Department of Russian Language and Literature). Thus, the relevance of the topic under study is beyond doubt, and the above problems determined the following choice of the topic of our work: "The experience of distance learning at the Agrı Ibrahim Chechen University. The purpose of the study is to consider the implementation of distance learning at the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Ağrı Ibrahim Chechen University as a condition for the formation of the readiness of higher education school in the context of the implementation of distance learning. Object of research: distance learning in the professional training of university students. Subject - The process of introducing distance learning at the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Agrı Ibrahim Chechen University. Research hypothesis: the positive experience of distance learning of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Agrı Ibrahim Chechen University will contribute to the effective formation of the readiness of the higher school to implement, if there is: - the essence of the concept of "distance learning" is defined; - the stages of the historical development of distance learning are identified; - the implementation of distance learning at the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Agrı Ibragim Chechen University has been established; - analysis of the software platform of the Department of Russian Language and Literature, ensuring the effective formation of the readiness of the Agrı Ibrahim Chechen University for the implementation of distance learning. Tasks: 1) analyze the concept of "distance learning" and give the author's definition of this concept; 2) consider the issues of the historical development of distance learning; 3) show the implementation of distance learning at the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Agrı Ibragim Chechen University; 4) consider the software platform of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Agrı Ibragim Chechen University. Research methods: - theoretical (analysis of pedagogical literature, synthesis, generalization); - empirical (oral questioning, observation). The scientific novelty of the dissertation work is as follows: 1. The important role of distance learning in the development of higher education in Turkey is determined and the author's definition of the concept of "distance learning" is given; 2. The main stages of the historical development of distance learning in the context of its reform are identified; 3. Based on the results of the author's research, the importance of the implementation of distance learning at the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Agrı Ibrahim Chechen University has been substantiated; 4 For the first time, the soft ware platform of the Department of Russian Language and Literature is considered, which provides the effective formation of the readiness of the Agrı Ibrahim Chechen University for the implementation of distance learning. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of the level of theoretical research in the field of the impact of globalization processes on Turkish higher education in general and on distance education in particular. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained: strategies for the development of distance learning in the modernization of higher education in Turkey; in the study of the higher level of development of distance learning in Turkey using selected research tools; preparing students to work in modern society and the latest educational technologies. Research base: Agrı Ibrahim Chechen University, Republic of Turkey. Keywords: distance learning, information technology, education, affordable education, e-learning. The structure of the work: the final qualification work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used, including 91 sources. The paper contains 2 tables and 42 figures. The total volume of the work is 80 pages.