Investigation of the removal of mineral deposit and adjacent soils contaminated with heavy metal ions by using phytoremediation method

Bioremediation and planting have an important place in the recovery process of multi-metal contaminated areas as a result of mining activities. Depending on the environmental and climatic conditions of the contaminated areas, it is possible to plant the area with the right plant species and correct planting techniques, and accordingly, it is possible to regenerate and regain the ecological, economic and aesthetic values of the area. The use of plants to absorb pollutants from soil or water is called phytoremediation. Within the scope of the study, some accumulator plants (Helianthus annuus L., Ricinus communis, Betula pendula and Populus tremula) were used to rehabilitated multi-metal contaminated soils.The study was carried out in two stages. First stage; Phytoremediation study was carried out in the greenhouse environment by mixing the soil samples brought from the waste dumping area and forest area around Murgul Copper Enterprise at certain rates (0, 50, 75 and 100%). In the second stage, 4 different trial plots were created in the waste dumping area, where the pollution level is high, and the same plant species were used and phytoremediation study was carried out on-site. At the end of the study, as a result of the calculation made for single and perennial plants, the wild castor oil plant, which is one of the plants grown under controlled conditions in the greenhouse, can be cleaned from the soil when it is grown for approximately 3.58 years in a row. On the other hand, Pb pollution can reach normal values by being cleaned as soon as possible (2.34 years) when poplar is grown. The most effective plant in removing Cu pollution in the greenhouse can be listed as Castor oil> Sunflower> Poplar> Birch. When the results of the field study are examined, Cu pollution by wild castor oil plant can be cleaned up to normal levels in the soil in a short time such as 6.18 years, Pb pollution in 3.10 years and Zn pollution in 4.33 years. Birch, on the other hand, has the potential to remove Zn pollution in a shorter time (2.78 years) than the castor oil plant. The data obtained showed that birch, poplar, sunflower and castor oil plants can be used in the restoration of mining degraded areas, before afforestation and at the planting stages.