A comparison of Ahmed Şuayb and Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı's approach of ethics

In this thesis, it is aimed to examine and compare the moral understandings of Ahmed Şuayb and Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı, one of the last period thinkers of the Ottoman Empire. Although Ahmed Şuayb has an intellectual structure that adopts a positivist approach with an approach similar to the intellectuals of his time, when his writings are examined, it is understood that he sees religion as the most important element for the society. Accordingly, he has the belief that societies can achieve the targeted salvation by raising healthy generations with moral development. Şuayb, who was loyal not only to religion but also to religious institutions (such as the caliphate), emphasized that the religion of Islam was free from bigotry and had an understanding of freedom. He also wrote down his ideas in the field of morality in the journal Ulum-i İktisadiye ve İçtimaiye, which consists of 24 issues, published together with Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı and Mehmet Cavit. As for Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı, he is a philosopher who made important contributions to the accumulation of Turkish philosophy transferred from the Constitutional Period to the Republic, and has important studies in the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics, theology, politics, sociology, medicine and literature. In these works, she made important studies on religion and morality. Rıza Tevfik is an advocate of the philosophy of subjectivism. He is a thinker connected to this school in epistemology, metaphysics and aesthetics. In this study, firstly A. Şuayb's mentality and then Rıza Tevfik's ideas will be included. Finally, the views of the two philosophers will be compared.