An analysis of Ahmet Ragıp's work "The Golden Debt Issue" (1921)

This study aims to evaluate the issue of public internal debt in general and to examine the original source, Ahmet Ragıp's "Altın Düyûnat Meselesi" (1921). The economic and financial policies of the Ottoman Empire, the debt instruments used, the socio-economic costs of debt, and these educational structures were created. The Ottoman Empire's use of internal debt instruments such as iltizam, malikane and esham between the 16th and 20th centuries, and the reasons for the state's later withdrawal into external debt were recorded. In particular, the beginning of external debt in the 19th century and the increase in these debts, and the great loss of independence with the accumulation of the Düyun-u Umumiye Administration were evaluated. Ahmet Ragıp's "Altın Düyûnat Meselesi" (1921) is an important source in which the mistakes made in the period regarding public internal debt were criticized, the debt issue of the gold price was evaluated with its religious, legal, economic and physical dimensions, and the debt situation was addressed from the perspective of Islamic Law. In this context, this work, which offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the debt issue, is also analyzed within the scope of the study.