The role of profilin 1 in the early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: An experimental study in a rat model

Aim: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an important emergency surgical problem with high mortality and morbidity. Although early diagnosis and appropriate interventions can reduce mortality, early diagnosis is often difficult. There is noclinically avaliable biomarker specific for AMI. Profilin-1 (PFN-1) is a new biomarker for which ischemic increase has been observed. This productive study aims to test whether PFN-1 can be used in the early diagnosis of AMI and to provide guidance with clinical studies. Materials method: 24 Wistar Albino female rats with an average weight of 250-300 g were used in the study. A total of 24 subjects were used in 4 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. While only laparotomy was performed for the first group (sham control), laparotomy was performed in the other 3 groups and the superior mesenteric artery was found and ligated. The abdomen was closed and monitored. Laparotomy was performed again at the end of the 1st hour in the second group, at the end of the 2nd hour in the third group, and at the end of the 4th hour in the fourth group. Ischemic or necrotic bowel loops were observed. Blood samples (lactate, bicarbonate, pH, electrolyte levels, and PFN-1) were obtained from each rat. Tissue samples were taken for pathology and the rats were sacrificed. Results: In our study, pH (P<0.001), Bicarbonate (P=0.004), Lactate (P=0.047), Potassium (P=0.001), Calcium (P=0.004), Profilin-1 (P<0.001) and ischemia scores (P=0.001)) among the study groups significant differences were observed. According to the post-hoc analysis results, PFN-1 levels were significantly lower in the control group compared to the fourth hour ischemia group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in PFN-1 values ​​between the other groups. While pH and bicarbonate of the control group were significantly higher than other ischemia groups, Potassium and ischemia scores were significantly lower than ischemia groups (P<0.05). Lactate values ​​were at the border of statistically significant difference (P=0.047). Conlussion: The findings of this experimental study showed that PFN-1 levels increased in mesenteric ischemia. PFN-1 is a new parameter that can be used in the early diagnosis of AMI and needs to be supported by further clinical studies. Keywords: Mesenteric ischemia, Profilin-1, Lactat, biomarker