Evaluation of periodontal states in alzheimer patients with clinical and biochemical parameters

Aim: The increase in systemic inflammatory molecules due to periodontal disease may affect inflammation in the brain and contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Secreted proinflammatory cytokines result in amyloid beta production, aggregation and toxicity, which is the pathological finding of Alzheimer's disease. In this cross- sectional study, clinical and biochemical evaluation of periodontal status in Alzheimer's patients was aimed for Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease. Material and methods: 30 Alzheimer's patients and 31 systemic healthy control patients of similar age were included in our study. Periodontal parameters of Alzheimer's and control group patients were recorded. Blood and saliva samples were taken from the patients. Serum and saliva IL-1β and TREM-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA technologies. The data were evaluated by parametric and non-parametric methods. Results: Periodontal status parameters of Alzheimer's and control group patients were similar (p<0,05). Total tooth numbers, single root and multi root teeth were similar in Alzheimer's and control group patients (p<0,05). Alzheimer's and control group patients were similar in terms of age, gender, education level, marital status, and annual income (p<0,05). A positive correlation was observed between CAL, PI and PBI with PD. A positive correlation was found between probing depth and PI with CAL. A positive correlation was observed between probing depth, CAL and PBI with PI. A positive correlation was observed between probing depth and PI with PBI. A positive correlation was observed between saliva TREM-1/ total protein level and saliva IL-1β/ total protein. Serum and saliva IL-1β and TREM-1 levels of Alzheimer's and control group patients were similar (p<0,05). Conclusion: This is the first study to show the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and saliva IL-1β and TREM-1 levels. In order to explain the relationship between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease, studies with large populations and different inflammatory molecules are also needed. Keywords: Periodontal disease, Alzheimer's disease, interleukin, TREM