Investigation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-biofilm activities of some endemic species in Anatolian flora

Plants have been used in the treatment of many diseases from past to present and are still used for industrial and medical purposes. Plants in Turkey as well as in all countries is of paramount importance. Our country, which is rich in endemic plants, uses various methods to benefit from the medicinal plants in particular. In this study, the endemic plants that grown in our country like Gypsophila laricina Schreb., Alyssum discolor Dudley & Hub.-Mor., Centaurea aphrodisea Boiss., Centaurea polyclada DC., Limoniopsis davisii Bokhari plants are used for antibacterial and antifungal activities, against eighteen bacterial (Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus durans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 50071, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli CFAI, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two fungi (Candida albicans DSMZ 1316, Candida albicans) strains by disc diffusion method were investigated. This method was studied by three by three parallel ways and statistical analyses were performed by meansof data. In addition, antimicrobial activities were evaluated with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of plant extracts. In addition, crystal viola binding method has been used to evaluate the biofilm inhibition (antibiofilm) potential of plant extracts. In the antimicrobial study generally Centaurea aphrodisea showed the best result and the least effect was reported by Alyssum discolor. None of the plants were effective against the fungi. In the antibiofilm study generally Gypsophila laricina showed the best result and the least effect was reported by Alyssum discolor. In the antioxidany study generally Limoniopsis davisii showed the best result and the least effect was reported by Gypsophila laricina. Keywords: Alyssum discolor; antibiofilm; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant; Centaurea aphrodisea; Centaurea polyclada; Gypsophila laricina; Limoniopsis davisii