Evaluation of the historical geography of Anatolia through Ibn Khaldun's work called Muqaddimiah

Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunisia in 1332 BC. His life was spent in Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and Egypt. He completed his education and training in Tunis, the centre of science and culture of that period. He served as vizier, qadi, clerk and ambassador. Ibn Khaldun's ideas did not attract much attention in his time. The author made a breakthrough with his famous work Muqaddimiah and attracted attention. The Muqaddimiah constitutes the introductory part of the book al iber. The work is an introduction to world history. Muqaddimiah was first translated into Ottoman Turkish in 1730 by Pirizâde Mehmet Said Efendi. Zâkir Kâdirî Ugan translated the work into Turkish. This work deals with the economy, politics, economics, trade, life styles and the science of Umran founded by Ibn Khaldun. Umran refers to every situation related to social life. Khaldun divided the society into two as bedouin and hadari. The main feature that distinguishes these two societies from each other is asabiyya. In this context, asabiyyah is stronger in Bedouin societies. Bedouin societies are those who live in rural areas and earn their living mostly by animal husbandry and agriculture. Hadari societies, on the other hand, refer to the people living in the city who have settled down. Hadaris make their living mostly through handicrafts and trade. Many cities have been built throughout history. Cities are the most beautiful heritage of humanity. Since the first Sumerian period, the process has always continued in this way. The first cities emerged in the East and developed towards the West. In this context, the political history of the ancient cities in Anatolia mentioned in Ibn Khaldun's theory of seven climates and the characteristics of the societies were conveyed. In the study, it was determined and evaluated in which belt these cities were located. Keywords: Anatolia, Ancient City, Muqaddimiah, Seven Climate Theory, Ibn Khaldun.