Designing a battery management system in military batteries using optical sensors

In recent years, with the rapid advancement of technology, the application areas of lithium-ion (Li-ion) based batteries have been continuously increasing. With the rise of Li-ion batteries, research on battery management systems (BMS) has accelerated. BMS are used in a wide range of fields, including electric vehicles, mobile vehicles, electronic devices, and external power sources. Monitoring battery cells during charging and discharging is necessary to protect battery cell health and ensure safety. It is known that multiple physical variables affect battery health. The main ones are voltage, current, temperature, and vibration. Monitoring these physical variables plays a critical role in providing information about the battery's health status, increasing energy efficiency, and extending battery life. Defense industry products and military vehicles have also been affected by this development in batteries. In this study, an optical vibration sensor to be detected by a BMS circuit has been designed to provide safer and longer-lasting management of energy storage systems for military vehicle batteries operating under harsh environmental conditions. The designed BMS circuit can monitor the battery more reliably, with high accuracy and sensitivity, by detecting mechanical vibrations occurring in the military battery. The aim was also to analyze the health and performance of the battery in real time using parameter estimation algorithms.