Renewable energy policy in the European Union and Üurkey: An analysis within the framework of energy security

The continuous increase in global energy demand and the increasingly complex geopolitical environment have made energy security a critical strategic priority for states. An analysis of the policy sets of the European Union (EU) and Turkey reveals that the objectives of reducing external dependence, combating climate change, and maintaining macroeconomic stability are compatible with each other. In this context, renewable resources assume a pivotal role in these strategies, given their potential to both diversify the supply portfolio and promote environmental sustainability. The objective of this study is to comparatively analyze the energy security approaches of the EU and Turkey within the framework of renewable energy policies and to develop policy recommendations for the future. The study emphasizes the significance of energy security in the context of economic development, national defense, and ecological balance. The text undertakes an examination of the potential contributions of the transition to a low-carbon energy system to the realization of these objectives. The research is grounded in a qualitative document analysis technique, wherein official reports, strategy papers, legislative documents, and academic publications were systematically reviewed and evaluated. The findings indicate that both actors have augmented their investments in renewable energy sources. However, these organizations encounter various structural barriers, including regulatory uncertainties, financing constraints, and inadequacies in grid infrastructure. Furthermore, challenges have been identified in the adaptation to technological advancements. In response to these developments, the European Union (EU) is implementing a multifaceted strategy aimed at diversifying its energy supply and reducing its reliance on Russian sources. Concurrently, Turkey is implementing incentive mechanisms consistent with its strategic vision to increase the use of domestic energy resources and establish itself as a significant regional energy hub. Accordingly, both the European Union (EU) and Turkey must augment their renewable energy generation capacities, prioritize energy efficiency projects, allocate resources to storage technologies, and modernize transmission and distribution infrastructure. These measures are imperative to consolidate energy security. Achieving these objectives necessitates a multifaceted approach that entails the deepening of international cooperation, the enhancement of predictability in market conditions, and the promotion of public awareness