Hormonal, hematological, antioxidant and histopathological effects of azadirachtin pesticide on carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758)

In this study, the effects of different doses (1,20 ppm and 2,40 ppm) and duration (4 days and 30 days) of Neemazal-T/S (10 g/L AZA) on Cyprinus carpio hormonal, hematological, antioxidant and histopathological effects were investigated. When the hormonal parameters are evaluated in our study; ST3, ST4, ACTH, cortisol, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and the decrease in serum GH, IGF-1, TT3 and TT4 levels according to the control group, were statistically significant (p<0,05). In serum TSH, ST3, ACTH, cortisol, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were found to be statistically significant increases in acute and subchronic periods in both dose groups (p<0,05). Although there was a statistically significant increase in serum ST4 levels during acute and subchronic periods in the 2,40 ppm dose group (p<0,05), there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of serum TT3 and TT4 (p>0,05). There was a statistically significant difference between acute and subchronic durations of GH and IGF-1 levels (p<0,05). According to the findings obtained from the analysis of hematological parameters, WBC, granulocyte count, Hct, Hb, MCV and MCH values were statistically decreased only in the group of AZA 2,40 ppm. There was no statistically significant difference between MCHC and monocyte ratios (p>0,05). While the WBC, lymphocyte and granulocyte ratios were statistically significant in the subchronic and only 2,40 ppm dose groups, Hb concentration and Hct values were statistically significant in the 2,40 ppm dose group (p<0,05). In the evaluation of antioxidant parameters MDA levels and decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzyme activities in gill and liver tissues were found to be significant in both dose groups compared to the control group. While the increase in MDA level in the subchronic stage in the liver and gill tissues was statistically significant, the decreases in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzyme activities were statistically significant. In the gill tissue histopathology, epithelial detachment in the subchronic period, flattening and shortening in the secondary epithelial lamella increased due to dosage. Findings from liver histopathology in subchronic period, vacuolar degeneration in sinusoidal space, mononuclear infiltration and hydropic degeneration. Although NeemAzal-T/S contains azadirachtin, an organic insecticide, it has toxicological effects on carp fish hormonal parameters, hematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme system, gill and liver histopathology, depending on dose and duration.