Intellectual dynamics of Arab nationalism from the beginning to the present

The emergence of nationalities as a phenomenon accompanied the modernization process in Europe and then moved to the East. After that, this phenomenon has become an important discipline of politics and international relations due to its developments that have changed the shape of the world. In this context, Arab nationalism, which emerged as a cultural renaissance movement during the Ottoman disintegration period, is one of the most important studies of the Middle East. Here, this study tries to trace the changes that have occurred in the thought of Arab nationalism from its birth to the present. In the introduction part of the study, a glance at the literature of Arab nationalism in Arabic, English and Turkish languages was taken and a small evaluation was made about these literatures. After that, concepts such as nation and nationality related to nationalism, some dimensions of nationalism and the concepts of Pan-Arabism and Arabism are emphasized. In its first parts, the study takes a look at the developments that led to the emergence of Arab nationalism, such as the Arab cultural renaissance, Napoleon's expedition to Egypt and the Mehmet Ali project, and the intellectual conditions of the Ottoman Empire, the Levant, and Egypt. At the same time, the work sheds light on the role of European missionaries, the writings of early Christian Arab nationalists such as Butrus al-Bustani and Ibrahim al-Yazıcı, and the Islamic Revival Movement, which contributed to the Arab national movement. In the following sections, the study also examines the transformation of the Arab movement from a cultural movement to a political movement at the beginning of the 20th century, the intellectual framework of the Great Arab Revolt and the Arab societies that emerged at that time. In addition, in the study, the transformation of the idea of Arab nationalism from romanticism to realism after the First World War is discussed. In the fourth chapter, the study examines the interaction between Arab nationalism and ideas such as socialism, communism and Islamism in the 1930s and 1940s, and the transformation of the Arab movement into a radical left movement. In the fifth chapter, the study deals with the golden age of Arab nationalism and the rise to power of Arab nationalists, as well as the most important ideologies of Arab nationalism at that time, Arab socialism, Baathism and Nasserism. In the sixth and last part of the study, the most important developments that caused the decline of Arab nationalism from the 1970s to the present are analyzed. The study attempts to reveal how Arab nationalism has developed through the ages, by relating intellectual developments to historical events and by looking at the most important writings of Arab nationalists in each period. Thus, we will present a summary thesis to researchers interested in Arab nationalism.