Investigation of the genotoxic effects of some fungicidesby Drosophila smart method

Due to food needs and economic reasons, it is necessary to use pesticides to increase yield in agriculture, to fight pests and to prevent rapid deterioration of products. The pesticides can sometimes affect human health negatively due to their negative effects on non-target organisms, environmental pollution and residues on foods. In addition, as organisms can gain resistance to pesticides over time, efforts to develop new and safe pesticides are ongoing. According to the data of Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, fungicides have been the most commonly used chemicals in our country in the last decade. Therefore, genotoxic effects of four fungicides (Metiram, Propamocarb hydrochloride, Hymexazol and Kresoxim-methyl) which are commonly used in fungus control in our country were investigated by in vivo wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) with the model organism Drosophila melanogaster in this study. In this test system, 72 ± 4 hours transheterozigot larvae were exposed to chronic exposure for 48 hours with fungicides in Drosophila food. In this study, transheterozigot larvae obtained by crossing mwh/mwh and flr3/TM3, Bds genetic constructs were used. All fungicides were dissolved in water and 1, 2, 5 and 10 mM doses were applied to larvae. Some mutations (deletion, point mutation and non-separation) in wing imageinal disc cells as a result of exposure can be detected from mutant wing trichomes in the phenotype. When the results were evaluated statistically, it was found that only 10 mM dose of propamocarb hydrochloride in twin clone category; small uniform clones of 1 mM dose of kresoxim methyl and twin clones of all doses; in twin clones of 5 and 10 mM doses of hymexazole; 1, 2 and 5 mM doses of metiram in the category of twin clones were found to have some clone increase but these increases were statistically insignificant. In the statistical evaluation of other studied doses and categories, negative results were obtained compared to the control group. As a result, no genotoxic effect was found in the evaluation of metiram, propamocarb hydrochloride, hymexazole and kresoxim methyl with Drosophila SMAR test (p>0.05).