Investigation of the anticancer potential of some Salvia species

Cancer is a major disease that causes millions of people to lose their lives every year. Due to the large population it affects, the inadequacy of current treatment options, resistance to treatments, the side effects of drugs and the high cost of treatment, new approaches are needed in cancer treatment and cancer prevention processes. Plants and herbal products have been used in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, for many years. Many plants are preferred with chemotherapeutic agents in order to increase the effectiveness of current treatment approaches in cancer cells and to reduce their side effects. In these combined treatments, where synergism usually occurs, sometimes antagonistic effects may occur. For this reason, the interactions that occur in combined treatments need to be examined in detail. In this study; the anticancer effect of 3 different Salvia species, which are preferred in many parts of the world for protection against diseases, was examined as monotherapy in various cancer cell lines. In addition, the effect of the combined use of these Salvia species with cisplatin, which is frequently preferred in the treatment of different types of cancer, was investigated in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. The cell line in which the S. species were most effective was determined with crystal violet viability experiments. In crystal violet viability experiments performed to determine synergism, antagonism was detected between Salvia species and cisplatin. Colony formation ability resulting from mono/combined treatment in cells was tested with colony formation and 3D soft agar colony formation experiments, migration ability with Wound healing experiments, change in protein levels effective in apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis processes was tested with Western blot, and DNA damage was tested with DNA agarose gel experiment. The findings obtained as a result of the studies were; It was observed that when the relevant Salvia species and cisplatin were used alone in the HT-29 cell line, cytotoxic effect and DNA fragmentation were higher, colony formation and migration ability were better suppressed, p53, p38, cPARP, Cas-9, Beclin-1 protein levels increased, mTOR, VEGF, Akt1 protein levels decreased. These results show that there is an antagonistic effect between the Salvia species used and cisplatin, and caution should be exercised when used together in cancer treatment and cancer prevention.