The Investigation of the effect of some textile dye stuffs on the Xenopus laevis

Most of the water sources are now being contaminated by different types of industrial effluents. One of the most common water pollution problem in Turkey and especially in the region (Malatya) where this study has been carried, is from this type of discharge. This kind of pollution creats an inbalance in ecosystem and causes a substantial decrease in amphibian population world-wide. The effect of various textile dye stuff on Xenopus laevis embriyos was examined through a 96 h static exposure using a teratogenic assay (FETAX) method. The influence of dye stuff was compiled in terms of mortality (LC50), effective concentration (EC50), deformity ratio, teratogenix index (TI) and minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG). Also, the tadpoles at the 46 th developmental stage were exposed to the subacute toxic doses of these dye stuff for a seven-day period. In tadpoles exposed to textile dyes at different concentrations for 24 h glutathion S- transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CaE) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Results show that, tested textile dyes stuff have toxic potential on Xenopus embriyos and tadpoles. Also, all tested dyes inhibited development of embriyos and caused to different types of deformity on tadpoles of Xenopus laevis. Teratogenic activity of both phytallocyanine and azo dyes were determined; astrazon dyes were found to be the most toxic dyes within all tested dye groups, astrazon blue being the most toxic in this group. The enzyme activities of 24 h exposed tadpoles were also determined to be caried with dye species applied. We also found that, toxicity of the dyes was increased due to developmental period of Xenopus. KEYWORDS: Textile dye, Xenopus leavis, FETAX, malformation, teratogenesis, toxicity