The structural analysis, problems and solutions of beekeeping in Bingöl province and its districts

This study was carried out to determine the bee diseases and pests seen in beekeeping enterprises producing in Bingöl province and its 5 districts and to reveal the general situation of these enterprises regarding beekeeping practices. The research material consisted of data obtained from face-to-face surveys conducted with 99 beekeepers. According to the research findings, the majority of beekeepers are middle-aged (average 51.35 years) and generally have many years of experience (17.81 years). It was determined that 79.8% of the business owners are high school or secondary school graduates. Caucasian bee breeds are predominantly preferred in beekeeping businesses (93.9%), and modern wooden hives are widely used in production (90.9%). Approximately 59.4% of the businesses surveyed practice migratory beekeeping. Colony losses were reported to be generally less than 10%. Wintering losses were attributed to adverse climatic conditions and inadequate nutrition in 79.8%. Regarding the queen replacement period, queen replacements are mostly performed every two years (68.7%). Ninety-eight percent of beekeepers reported combating Varroa mites. Antibiotic use was 22.7%, and 13.3% of beekeepers reported difficulty finding technical personnel. The course participation rate was quite high, at 82.8%. In conclusion, beekeeping in Bingöl province has significant potential, but some inappropriate practices need to be changed and current knowledge and organizational levels improved. Furthermore, expanding educational activities, strengthening veterinary services, addressing winter nutritional deficiencies, and encouraging organizational development are essential for a sustainable and productive beekeeping sector.