Evaluation of the Diary of a Madman's translation from Russian language to Turkish in terms of Russian grammatical translation theories

Translation is one of the basic forms of transmission that human beings need. Translation studies, which were considered a branch of linguistics until the 1970s, have become an independent science in time. In this study, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's Diary of Madman's translation into Turkish will be examined in terms of Russian grammatical translation theories. In order to form the basis of our study, the concept of translation criticism and Russian grammatical translation theories will be given. Theories and strategies of Yakov Iosifovich Retsker, Andrey Venediktovich Fyodorov, Alexander Davydovich Shveitser, Leonid Stepanovich Barkhudarov, Isaak Iosifovich Revzin, and Viktor Yulyevich Rozentsveyg, Vilen Naumovich Komissarov, Vladimir Grigoryevich Gak will be mentioned. These theorists focused on issues in translation such as transfer forms of various elements, translation transformations, and equivalence levels such as idioms, cultural elements, passive structures, and proper nouns. Also, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's life story and literary life will be mentioned, and information will be given about the subject and translations of the book called Diary of a Madman. There are eleven translations of Diary of a Madman from Russian to Turkish. In the review part, six translations of the work from Russian, which we selected according to various criteria, will be used. A Diary of Madman, which was brought to our language by Nihal Yalaza Taluy, Mazlum Beyhan, Ergin Altay, Uğur Büke, Laura Kochkarova, Çağan Er, will be analyzed comparatively with the source text in terms of Russian grammatical translation theories and the strategies used will be evaluated. The six selected target texts will be examined under sub-headings such as the transfer of prefixed verbs, the transfer of proper nouns, the transfer of cultural elements, the transfer of passive structures, and equivalence. The aim of this study is to introduce Russian grammatical translation theories and to analyze the transfer patterns of various elements in the translations of Diary of a Madman, which is one of Gogol's important works, from Russian to Turkish. Thus, various strategies used in the translation of the mentioned elements in Russian into Turkish will be evaluated.