The effect of vegetable oils and cellulose fillers on the quality properties of tyre tread

In this study, we aimed to develop economical and environmentally sensitive tyres by modifying commercial tyre tread with the usage of cellulosic fiber and vegetable oil. In this study, waste chestnut shell, waste peanut shell and pine cone, which were preferred instead of filler due to their cellulosic structure, were used in varying ratios in the range of 11-17 phr. The softener was chemically supplemented by canola oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil in the range of 10 - 21 phr. Stearic acid was used as an accelerator and a softener supplement in the mix recipes, zinc oxide was used to provide wear and tyre resistance by increasing the flexibility and 40 MS was used to provide fluidity under high temperature and pressure. In the tyre tread mixture, TMQ was preferred for the resistance to aging, Ozone Wax for extended tyre life and IPPD for the flexibility under high temperature and pressure. Powder sulfur was used as a curing agent. 3 types of accelerators, DPG, GIS, and TMTD, were selected as chemical accelerators for curing time. Tyre tread blends were prepared with 20 different prescriptions. One of these was a control recipe and the others were designed as test mixture recipes. Rheological tests before vulcanization and physico-mechanical tests after vulcanization (tensile strength, elongation of rupture, tear strength, 300% modulus, hardness, wear, density) were applied to all prepared mixtures. All tests were carried out in accordance with the relevant ASTM D standard test procedure. According to the test results, rheological and physico-mechanical properties showed significant changes due to natural fillers. The study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, a mix recipe with the best results is obtained. In the second stage, by developing this recipe, the tire tread mixture prepared by adding the most appropriate amount of vegetable oil and cellulosic fiber filler was created and the conformity of the test results to the standard values was determined.