Bolu atmosferinde meteorolojik parametrelerle ilişkilendirilerek pm2.5, pm2.5-10 ve ozon kaynak paylaşımı

Daily particulate matters in two fractions (PM2.5 and PM2.5-10) were collected throughout a year (from March 2009 to March 2010). In addition, ozone (O3) and meteorological parameters were monitored between March 2009 and March 2012 at the same site (at high altitude semi-rural region of Bolu). Aerosol samples were collected with dichotomous sampler (collecting PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 samples separately) on teflon filters to determine ions and elements. In addition, two particulate matter samplers (one PM10 and one PM2.5 sampler) using micro glass fiber filters were operated to determine the carbonaceous fractions in aerosols. Ionic species were determined by Ion Chromatography, elemental (trace and major metals) compositions were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry techniques. Elemental and organic carbon content were investigated by Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon Analyzer. The statistical analysis results showed that the highest mean concentration of the species for fine particles are organic carbon (OC) and SO42- (7.0 ± 4.6 µg m-3 and 3.6 ± 2.2 µg m-3, respectively) and for coarse particles are Al (1.6 ± 0.87 µg m-3) and SO42- (1.5 ± 3.4 µg m-3). Carbonaceous compositions (total carbon content) nearly composed of 30% of fine mode aerosol samples and differentiated as organic carbon (OC) (primary and secondary) and elemental carbon (EC) in this study. Annual average concentrations of OC and EC were 7.0 ± 4.6 µg m-3 and 1.6 ± 1.1 µg m-3, respectively. During three-years sampling, O3 concentration showed well-defined seasonal pattern and significantly higher values were obtained in summer as compared to winter. Hourly average O3 concentration ranged from 40 ppb to 48 ppb in summer and ranged from 14 ppb to 20 ppb in winter. Ozone concentration was exceeded AOT40 value (40 ppb) in the 26.0% of total sampling period. Determination of possible sources for the investigated pollutants were carried out by some statistical treatments (Binary Correlation, Multiple Linear Regression) and receptor modelings (Enrichment Factor, Wind Sector and Back-trajectory Analysis, Factor Analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization-PMF). Six possible pollution sources were identified for both fine and coarse fractions by PMF analysis. The pollution sources for PM2.5 were defined as traffic, crustal, mixed, oil/coal combustion and long range transport. In addition, Ni factor, local soil, crustal, road dust, anthropogenic and oil/coal combustion were defined as sources for PM2.5-10.