Bolu ili köy ve ıslah edilmiş buğdaylarının agro-morfolojik ve moleküler özelliklerinin incelenerek uzaysal dağılımlarının coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ve uzaktan algılama ile modellenmesi

Landraces are more important than ever today due to both breeding studies and people's tendency towards healthier and higher quality products. It is necessary to know and understand genetic and agro-morphological structures as well as geographical distribution of landraces for serious management of breeding and production studies. In this study, the genetic, agro-morphological characteristics and geographical distributions of local populations of Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum (IZA), Triticum aestivum L. cv. Çalıbasan and Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sarı Serez in Bolu province were researched. Genetic polymorphisms between populations and variants of these two species were investigated with 5 SCoT markers. Thousand kernels weight (TKW), flag leaf area (FLL), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), spike length (SL), plant height (PH), upper node length (UNL), number of kernels per spike (KPS), spikes fertile per square meter (SFPS), and yield (YLD) were investigated as agro-morphological variables. Moreover, topographic (elevation, slope, aspect), climate (precipitation, maximum-minimum-mean temperatures and bioclimate), soil (bulk density, coarse fragment, sand, silt, clay, cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrojen, organic carbon, pH, great soil groups and land use capability) and CORINE (land use/cover) complementary database (raster maps) of Bolu province were created and relationships between agro-morphological and these environmental variables were investigated by correlation analysis. All in all, in IZA wheat TKW-SL, TKW-FLL, TKW-elevation, FLL-elevation, SL-elevation, YLD-precipitation (in April) shows significant (p<0.01) and high correlations at values of 0.692, 0.644, 0.793, 0.773, 0.702, 0.554, respectively. According to the results of start codon targeted (SCoT) analysis markers, primers amplified 48 polymorphic fragments with an average of 9.60. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of SCoT markers was 0.08. As a result of dendrogram analysis, T. aestivum and T. monococcum ssp. monococcum divided into two main clusters with 62% genetic similarity. Using yield and the environmental variables strongly effective on yield, a yield model of IZA wheat that shows potential growing areas was developed by multiple regression and mapped by GIS at the end of this study.