Effects of CEO 2 nanoparticles on inflammatory processes during ischemic hepatic injury

OBJECTIVE: Present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of anti-inflammatory cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles administered prior to the experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model in mice on the inflammatory processes observed in ischemic hepatic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6) as control, sham, IR, intraperitoneally administered of CeO2 nanoparticles (i.p.) and orally administered of CeO2 nanoparticles (o.g). Plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and transaminases (ALT, AST) were determined as the indices of hepatic injury. Lipid peroxidation, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels, antioxidant enzyme (catalase, glutathione-S transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) activities and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as the indicator of neutrophil infiltration, were measured in liver tissue samples. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines (TNF-, IL-1, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IFN-) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were determined. RESULTS: Plasma LDH, AST, and ALT activities, tissue MPO activity and tissue lipid peroxidation were found to be elevated in IR group when compared with those of control and sham groups. In this group, it was found that tissue GSH level and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased, GSSG level was increased, plasma cytokine/chemokine, MMP–2 and MMP–9 levels were increased. I.p. and o.g. administrations of CeO2 both were resulted in significant decreases in plasma LDH, AST and ALT levels, tissue lipid peroxidation and MPO activity; significant increases in tissue antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma procytokine/chemokine, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels (p<0.001). The route of administration of CeO2 nanoparticles caused no statistically significant difference for the levels of the parameters tested. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that CeO2 nanoparticles may be introduced as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of liver IR injury. Key Words: Ischemia-reperfusion injury, CeO2 nanoparticles, liver, mouse, inflammation.