Effect of various additives (marble powder, graphene, titanium dioxide) on varnishing and aging properties of wood materials

In this study, surface treatment tests and UV artificial aging performances were determined by mixing various additives with varnishes at different ratios and applying them by spraying method on radial and tangential sections of wood materials. Four wood species (Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.), Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa), Yellow pine (Pinus sylvestris), Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis)), two varnish types (water-based and polyurethane varnish), three additives graphene (0.25%, 0.50%, 1%), marble powder (2.5%, 5%) and titanium dioxide (1%, 2%) were used at various rates. Surface treatment tests were performed for adhesion resistance, abrasion resistance, weight loss in abrasion, oscillatory hardness resistance and gloss test. UV artificial aging test was performed in 0-200-400-600 hours time periods and oscillatory hardness resistance, gloss test, surface roughness, abrasion resistance and adhesion resistance tests were performed before, during and after the samples. As a result, the performance of water-based varnishes is lower than that of polyurethane varnishes. Graphene increased the abrasion resistance and decreased the gloss with polyurethane varnish in the tangential section. Titanium dioxide increased the adhesion resistance, oscillatory hardness resistance. Marble powder increased wear resistance, oscillatory hardness resistance. Titanium dioxide decreased the surface roughness after UV artificial aging, while graphene and marble powder increased it.