Liquid phase microextraction of palladium in environmental wastewater samples with hydrofobic deep eutecti̇c solvent and detection by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this thesis, the development of a new liquid phase microextraction technique was aimed for the analysis of palladium, which is a toxic heavy metal in the environment. Detection of palladium was performed by using micro injection system assisted Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. During the microextraction, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents were tested as extraction solvents at different molar ratios. As a result of the experiments, a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was synthesized by using Aliquat-336 and Pivalic Acid at a 1:3 molar ratio. Parameters affecting the microextraction technique such as extraction solvent volume, pH, vortex time, centrifugation time, the effect of matrix ions, and sample volume were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (8,56 μg L-1), quantification limit (28.5 μg L-1), relative standard deviation (% 3.17) and enrichment factor (37) were calculated. The developed liquid phase microextraction method was successfully applied to wastewater from car washes, waste water from metal processing facilities, and some wastewater samples generated during the repair of car parts.