Histological and scanning electron microscopic (sem) examination of chinese goose (Anser Cygnoides) spleen

The spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the body and is responsible for initiating immune reactions against blood-borne antigens and filtering the blood from foreign substances and old or damaged red blood cells. The aim of this study is to examine the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) spleen anatomically, histologically and Scanning Electron Microscopically (SEM). The study was carried out using Chinese geese obtained from a private enterprise in Aksaray. The study was conducted with 12 (6 males + 6 females) unproblematic large Chinese geese (Anser cygnoides). Chinese Geese were given 10-12 mg/kg xylazine for premedication and 30-40 mg/kg ketamine (ketalar) intramuscularly for anesthesia. Then, tissue samples were taken from the spleen. After routine histological detection and follow-up procedures, 5-6 micron thick sections were taken from the tissues and examined microscopically using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining method. As a result of the anatomical examination, Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) spleen was observed at the junction of the glandular and muscular stomach. The spleen is an organ located in the upper part of the right lobe of the liver, just near the stomach. It was observed that the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) spleen was dark blue-brown in colour. It was also noted that the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) spleen was egg-shaped. Histological evaluation of the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) spleen revealed a connective tissue capsule surrounding the organ and trabeculae sent into the organ by this connective tissue. Plenty of smooth muscle fibres were observed in the capsule and trabeculae. Lymph follicles and subcapsular sinus were present in the capsule. It was seen that the parenchyma of the organ consisted of white and red pulp areas. The white pulp consisted of lymphoid tissue gathered around the arteria centralis in the centre and lymphatic cords around the vessels. The red pulp consisted of red pulp areas and venous sinuses containing abundant blood. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) was observed around the arteria centralis where T lymphocytes were located. In addition, germinal centre was detected inside the lymph follicles. Marginal sinus and marginal region were also present around the lymph follicles. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) findings of the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) spleen showed that the connective tissue capsule surrounding the organ had a smooth course at low magnification, while filamentous extensions were observed in cross-section and at higher magnifications. In the cross-section of the spleen, white pulp, red pulp marginal region and trabeculae were well differentiated. Arteria centralis and surrounding periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) were observed at high magnifications of the white pulp. Venous sinuses and lymphocytes were seen in the red pulp at high magnifications. The connection between the venous sinuses was also observed in the red pulp at high magnifications. As a result of the study, we detected a large number of independent lymph follicles inside the connective tissue capsule surrounding the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) spleen, which we did not encounter in the literature. Keywords: Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides), histology, spleen, Scanning Elektron Microscope (SEM),lymphatic system