Cinsiyet ve dış politika: Dünya düzeni dönüşümünde cinsiyetli çok seviyeli oyunlar kavramının karşılaştırmalı bir analizi

This research explores the relationship between gender and foreign policy according to the concept of gendered multilevel games during the transformative period of the world order. The research question is, to what extent did the leadership approaches of political leaders and their foreign policy perspectives differentiate according to the concept of gendered multilevel games during the transformative period of the world order? The years 1988-1990 were chosen as a representation of the transformative period of world order. In research, two female (Margaret Thatcher, Benazir Bhutto) and two male leaders (François Mitterrand, Rajiv Gandhi) were comparatively analyzed regarding their leadership and foreign policy approaches. This research aims to investigate the extent to which gender influences the leadership approaches and foreign policy perspectives of political leaders. Statements, interviews, speeches, and newspaper news of the period made by the four leaders were analyzed. According to the results, female leaders' leadership approaches were affected by gender norms and gendered structures and institutions rather than their gender identities. These structures and norms influence female leaders more than male leaders. It has been determined that female leaders sometimes turn to various strategies, such as hypermasculine leadership, to gain legitimacy in male-dominated political systems, but male leaders exhibit leadership without experiencing such concerns. This situation shows that to achieve a gender-sensitive transformation in foreign policy, it is not enough to simply increase female representation, but also to transform the gendered institutional structures that reproduce gender norms.