Comparison and evaluation of C-ITS scenarios in terms of traffic safety and efficiency

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) represent a significant advancement in transportation technology where communication between various sub-systems occurs in real-time. The C-ITS connects vehicles, infrastructure, and other road users in real-time using vehicles (V2V), vehicles and infrastructure (V2I), and various entities (V2X). Despite widespread implementation, comprehensive research summarizing the overall benefits of C-ITS on traffic safety and efficiency is limited. This study utilized the available literature to summarize and compare various C-ITS scenarios to provide a clear picture of its improvements. It also evaluates standards across different regions, offering insights into effective C-ITS deployment. The evaluation shows that C-ITS significantly improves traffic safety and efficiency. Real-time communication enables timely actions to avoid incidents, enhances traffic flow, and reduces congestion through improved coordination. However, the reviewed literature indicated that although the C-ITS implementation is widespread around the globe, most of the evaluation reports are geographically biased towards developed countries, with European countries, the United States, China, Korea, and Japan, being the leaders, necessitating more studies in other regions for global validation. Future research should focus on studies inside and outside Europe, the U.S., China, Korea, and Japan to develop standardized methodologies for assessing C-ITS impacts, exploring emerging communication technologies, and investigating supportive policy frameworks. In conclusion, C-ITS holds significant promise for improving traffic safety and efficiency. This study synthesizes existing research, providing valuable insights into the benefits and challenges of C-ITS, and paving the way for future advancements in intelligent transportation systems.