Turkish novel in the context of stigmament theory (1872- 1901)

The study titled "Turkish Novel in the Context of Stigmatisation Theory (1872- 1901)" offers the opportunity to interpret these novels with a sociological perspective and a comparative evaluation. The study covers a period after Tanzimat, when the traditional ties of the society were weakened and modernisation attempts were felt very intensely. In this period when social codes and norms were reshaped, intellectuals struggled to become founding actors in the political and social spheres, while in the plane of fiction, the narrator author aims to reflect the ideal lifestyle and human type he imagines in literary texts. Therefore, in the novels of the period, there is a sharp distinction between those who are accepted and approved in society according to moral values and social rules and those who are rejected and excluded. This distinction is maintained in fictional texts through discourse, depiction, language and style. In other words, those who conform to the templates determined by the moral rules and norms of traditional society are dealt with optimistic and tolerant discourses, while those who are contrary to these templates are approached with prejudice and they are carried into fiction with a stigmatising approach. The main subject and problem of this study is to determine how the opposition between self and other is reflected in society and which ideology and point of view is relied upon when stigmatising others. In addition, the study also tries to determine whether stigmatisation in literary texts is carried out by the narrator author, through the novel's characters or by the characters themselves. The intense effect of stigmatisation, which can also be read as ignoring the dialogical structure of the individual, has been observed in novel evaluations. In this study, which consists of twoaltı main chapters, it is tried to show how individuals who cannot pass social, class, behavioural and visual social acceptance are stigmatised and discredited by memorisation, stereotypes, generalisations and discriminatory attitudes. It is aimed to determine how those who are isolated from the society because they are contrary to social norms cope with the characteristics that lead to their stigmatisation and how they make an effort to cover or camouflage these characteristics. In addition, how individuals who are stigmatised in society try to compensate for their stigma is also discussed in the focus of literary texts.