Evaluation of the effectiveness of mother milk exosome in experimental corrosive esophagitis model

Aim: In our study, it was aimed to examine the effectiveness of mother milk exosome in the treatment of corrosive esophageal burns and to reveal the importance of mother milk exosome for future studies. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 Sprague Dawley rats ranging in size from 190-315 gram were studied. We seperated the rats for 4 equal groups. The duration of the experiment was determined as 21 days. All rats were weighed individually before the procedure. After the anesthesia applied intraperitoneally to the rats in the groups for which a corrosive esophageal burn model will be created, a 3 French (F) Fogarty catheter was passed through the esophagus, lowered into the stomach, and the balloon in the stomach was inflated and retracted and placed at the esophagus-cardiac junction. Then, 0,5 cc 12,5% sodium hydroxide (NAOH) was injected into the esophagus with the help of a 4 F nelaton catheter, waited for 60 seconds, aspirated, and the esophagus was washed with isotonic serum and the catheters were removed. The rats were provided with natural food after being fasted for 12 hours. Group 1 was not applied to any process or treatment, and was identified as the SHAM group. Group 2 was burned and no treatment was performed afterwards. Group 3 was burned and then 0,5 cc/day mother milk exosome extract was given for 21 days. Group 4 was not applied any process and 0,5 cc/day mother milk exosome extract was given for 21 days. At the end of the 21st day, all subjects were weighed again and sacrificed, and biopsy samples were sent to the pathology laboratory for histopathological examination (in terms of inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis). Results: The degree of damage in the histopathological examination was graded by examining the presence of inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis. A significant difference was found in the results of inflammation and fibrosis (p<0.05). Furthermore, in the bilateral comparisons between the groups, there was a meaningful difference in terms of fibrosis between the 2nd group and 3rd group (p<0.05). When the weights of the rats before and after the experiment were compared, there was weight gain in groups 1, 3 and 4. Since the rats in group 2 were not fed well, weight loss was observed. Statistical evaluations for each group were found to be significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that breast milk exosome may be effective on inflammation and fibrosis formation in the treatment of corrosive esophageal burns. In addition, weight gain was observed in the group treated with breast milk exosome after corrosion. Weight loss was observed in the group in which corrosion was created and no treatment was given. This suggested that breast milk exosome reduces stricture formation due to esophageal corrosion.