Development of a propulsion technology using lunar resources

This dissertation explores the development of a hybrid rocket propulsion technology utilizing lunar resources, specifically magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al), for sustainable space exploration. The study addresses the challenges of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) to minimize dependency on Earth-supplied fuels, focusing on the potential of metals found in lunar soil. Through thermochemical analysis, Mg and Al are evaluated as primary fuels due to their energetic properties and abundance on the Moon. The research involves the design, production, and testing of hybrid rocket engines using metal powders combined with sodium silicate as a binder, creating a robust fuel with favorable combustion properties. Experimental tests were conducted on various fuel compositions to optimize the combustion characteristics and ensure high performance under lunar conditions. A specific focus is placed on the relationship between oxygen-to-fuel (O/F) ratio and the specific impulse (Isp) of the metal-based hybrid engine, achieving significant results with Mg-Al mixtures. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimal fuel composition, consisting of 75\% magnesium and 20\% aluminum, can sustain combustion efficiency with an Isp close to 350 seconds in a vacuum. Additionally, the study addresses the challenges posed by metal oxide formation and its impact on combustion chamber stability. Solutions, including thermal management and fuel structuring, are presented to mitigate the risks associated with high-temperature operations. The results of this research contribute to the broader field of ISRU and have significant implications for future lunar missions, particularly in the context of NASA's Artemis program and other international lunar exploration initiatives. This work presents a scalable and sustainable propulsion system, positioning metal-based hybrid rockets as a viable solution for long-term lunar exploration and colonization.