The investigation of effects of aminoguanidine on histological changes caused by diabetes in rat testes

The aim of this sudy was to investigate histological changes and the effect of Aminoguanidine (AG) on these changes by using histochemical and biochemical methods in STZ induced diabetic rat testes tissues.In this study, 32 Spraque Dawley species healty male rats which were provided from Inönü University Laboratory Animals Research Center were used. The experimental subjects were divided into 4 groups and each group contained 8 rats. 1st Group: Control group. 2nd Group: AG treated group 3rd Group: Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. 4th Group: STZ induced diabetic rats treated with AG. Blood glucose levels and the weights of all rats were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. After 10 weeks of study, rats were sacrified under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, testes were removed and weights of testes were measured. Left testes used for biochemical analysis and right testes and pancreas samples used for histological analysis. Removed tissue samples were applied to routine tissue fixation process and embedded in paraffin wax. Mayer?s hematoxylin-eosin, Masson?s trichrome, Toluidine blue staining and caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining methods were applied to serial sections obtained from paraffin blocks and preparations were examined on Leica DFC?280 light microscop.In diabetic group, blood glucose levels were increased and the body and testes weights were decreased compared to the control group. In seminiferous tubules, morphological and structural deformities were observed. Thickness of tunica albuginea was significantly increased compared to the other groups. Moreover, number of mast cells in tunica albuginea was increased and had a statistical significance compared to the control group. The degeneration and the caspase-3 positive staining of tubular germ cells was remarkable. Biochemical analysis results of diabetic rats showed that CAT, SOD and GSH activities were decreased while MDA and NO levels were increased compared to the control group. On the other hand, AG treatment to the diabetic rats was significantly reduced testicular damage. In this group, blood glucose levels were decreased and the body and testes weights were increased compared to the diabetic group. Seminiferous tubules had better morphological and structural compositions. Thickness of tunica albuginea and the number of mast cells were similar to control group. In this group, it?s observed that the degeneration and the apoptosis of tubular germ cells was reduced compared to the diabetic group. In addition, biochemical analysis results of AG treated diabetic rats showed that CAT, SOD and GSH activities were increased while MDA and NO levels were decreased compared to the diabetic group.This study has demonstrated that oxidative stress, increased NO levels and the apoptotic cell death have important roles on rat testicular damage caused by diabetes and on the other hand, AG treatment on diabetic rats is efficient on protection of spermatogenic cells against oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death.In conclusion, we consider that using regular drugs for diabetes treatment combined with agents like AG; which could protect spermatogenic cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis, may contribute prevention against infertility caused by diabetes. However, further experimental studies and analyses are necessary to understand the effect mechanism of AG on diabetes completely.