Investigation of the effects of diesel-biodiesel-butanol and diesel-butanol mixture on engine performance

The vast majority of the energy used in the world is obtained from fossil fuels. This situation increases external dependence in countries such as our country that are constantly growing and developing. In addition, the fact that fossil fuels will end in the near future leads to price instability and environmental problems. These problems have pushed us to look for an alternative fuel, an alternative energy source. The low fuel consumption of the diesel engine and high compression ratios make the diesel engine very attractive for use in heavy duty vehicles. However, the exhaust gases released to nature are serious problems for our world. When Rudolf Diesel invented the engine in 1900, he used oil as fuel while explaining the operating principle of his invention at the Paris fair, but the limitations in engine design and engineering calculations at that time forced him to use fossil fuels because they were more primitive than today. This situation continued in this way until the oil crisis in the 20th century. After the oil crisis, research on alternative fuels started to be carried out in countries such as Brazil, Austria, the United States, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands. It is known that vegetable oils can be used as fuel in diesel engines without any processing, but when used for a long time, it causes clogging in the engine, fuel line, clogging of injectors, cold weather or difficulties in the cranking when the engine is cold. The conversion of oils into biodiesel by transesterification method is more suitable than the use of unprocessed oil. When we look at the fuel properties of biodiesel produced by transesterification method, although it is similar to diesel fuel, its viscosity value is higher than diesel. In order to use biodiesel more efficiently, it can be used in a mixture with diesel fuel. In this study, full load tests were carried out at 1800 rpm, 2400 rpm, 3000 rpm and 3600 rpm to determine the characteristics of biodiesel, biodiesel - diesel fuel blend, biodiesel - butanol blend and biodiesel - diesel - butanol blends produced by transesterification method in four cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine.